TileMill
TileMill is a tile rendering engine designed to create map tiles leveraging existing open source GIS tools and the power of Amazon's cloud. In short, TileMill can process data uploaded as shapefiles or raster images or integrate with a PostGIS database. It then generates tiles based on custom style sheets and custom graphics for markers and symbols. TileMill supports fast, multi-process uploads to Amazon S3, from which users can instantly distribute data through Amazon's CloudFront CDN.
Version 1.0, the most current version, has two parts.
Maps on a Stick
Maps on a Stick is a self-contained mapping tool that can be distributed on USB sticks or any other portable media and deployed without an internet connection. It provides a simple way to view KML layers on top of a base map.
Technically, Maps on a Stick is a lightweight configuration of OpenLayers that points to a local set of map tiles and some custom javascript that makes it easy to add KML files to the map.
The code is all on github.